## Micro2 programs

A program is a sequence of:

 * function declarations
 * statements
 * TODO: if-else, for, for-in, etc; with no semicolon

Statements are delimited with semicolons (`;`), and are one of:

 * expression (e.g. `1+2`)
 * function call
 * lambda definition
 * variable
 * variable declaration
 * return statement

XXX: do we really want expressions without effects?

## Modules

A `micro2` file must start with the module name.
```
# our main module (this is a comment)
module main
```

The module name is used by the linker.

## Built-in types

### Integers

| Type | Description | Samples |
| --- | --- | --- |
| u8 | unsigned 8-bit | `123; 0xce; 0b10000;` |
| s8 | signed 8-bit | `-123;` |
| u16 | unsigned 16-bit | `65535; 0xffff;` |
| s16 | signed 16-bit | `-4096;` |

Builting functions:

| Function | Description | Samples |
| --- | --- | --- |
| hi | Get the MSB on a 16-bit number | `hi(0xaabb); # 0xaa`|
| lo | Get the LSB on a 16-bit number | `lo(0xaabb); # 0xbb`|

Type conversion is explicit:
```
var a: u8 = 10;
var b: u16 = 10;

a + b; # error: type mismatch
u16(a) + b; # 20: u16
```

### Booleans

| Type | Description | Samples |
| --- | --- | --- |
| bool | boolean | `true; false;` |

### Functions

| Type | Description | Samples |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ([parameters]) [-> [return]] | functions | `() { return; }` |

Functions can be defined with `def` when they have a name, or as anonymous using the lambda syntax.

```
def add(a: u8, b: u8): u8 {
    return a + b;
}

add(2, 8); # 10

```

Anonymous function:
```
# increment the value passed as argument
(a: u8): u8 {
    return a + 1;
}(10); # 11

```

Function are higher order functions:
```
def apply(fn: (u8) -> u8, a: u8, b: u8): u8 {
    return fn(a, b);
}

apply(add, 2, 10); # 8

# using a lambda
apply((a: u8, b: u8): u8 {
        return a + b;
    },
    2, 8); # 10

# lambdas can be assigned to variables
var double: (u8) -> u8 = (a: u8): u8 {
    return a + a;
};

double(10); # 20
```

Anonymous functions can only access local variables (closures aren't supported):
```
def closure(a: u8): () -> u8 {
    return (): u8 {
        return a; # invalid return, undefined a
    };
}
```

Functions are exported by default, unless they are defined as private:
```
# not exported (exported is the default)
private def dec(a: u8): u8 {
    return a - 1;
}
```

### Special value: nil

`nil` is a reference not pointing to a value, used for example on variables with type function.

```
# fn doesn't hold a reference
var fn: (u8) -> u8 = nil;

fn(10); # runtime error
```

## Variables

Variable declaration:
```
var a: u8 = 123;
```

Group declaration:
```
var (
    a: u8 = 123,
    b: u16 = 1234;
);
```

Variables must be initialized, there are not default values.

### Constants

Constant are immutable values and no memory is allocated for them:
```
const K: u8 = 10;
```

Group declaration:
```
const (
    A: u8 = 128,
    B: u16 = 4096
);
```

Must be resolved at compilation time.
```
var a: u8 = 1;

const A: u8 = a + 1; # error: unresolved value
```