Initial import

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diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
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index 0000000..681f07f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+dist
+dist-newstyle
+*.o
+*.hi
+.ghc.environment.*
+input
+
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5601c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Revision history for micro2
+
+## 0.1.0.0 -- YYYY-mm-dd
+
+* First version. Released on an unsuspecting world.
diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f288702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
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+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0d8eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Micro2
+
+This is not necessarily related to [Micro](https://git.usebox.net/micro-lang/about/), but I couldn't find a better name.
+
+Micro2 is a small statically typed toy programming language.
+
+Objectives:
+
+- Learn Haskell and have fun
+- Build a compiler
+- (may be) Targeting 8-bit microcomputers (Z80 CPU)
+  - Easy to interact with existing code written in C/ASM
+- (may be) Targeting WASM
+- Fast compilatio
+- Statically typed, small but useful, and reasonably performant (including on the target)
+
+## Current status
+
+This is a **work in progress**.
+
+Currently the compiler uses parsec (Monadic parser combinators) following this planned pipeline:
+
+* Lexer
+* Parser
+* Analyzer
+  * semantic analysis, type-check, fold constant, etc
+* Generator: emit intermediate code for the target (e.g. ASM files)
+  * (maybe) Intermediate representation
+
+## How to build it
+
+Requires Haskel and Cabal:
+
+```
+cabal install micro2
+```
+
+## Running the compiler
+
+TODO
+
+### How does it look like?
+
+This is an example of a micro2 program:
+
+```
+def fib(n: u16): u16 {
+    if n < 2 {
+        return n;
+    } else {
+        return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
+    }
+}
+
+fib(20); // 6765
+```
+
+### COPYING
+
+This software is distributed under license GPL, unless stated otherwise. See [COPYING](COPYING) file for further details.
diff --git a/TODO.md b/TODO.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e60282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/TODO.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# TODO
+
+Language features:
+    > not in order
+    * [ ] basic operators
+    * [ ] type system
+    * [ ] functions
+    * [ ] anonymous functions (lambdas)
+    * [ ] loops (while-like, infinite, break, continue)
+    * [ ] basic integer types: u8, s8, u16, s16
+    * [ ] equality, comparison operators
+    * [ ] logic operators
+    * [ ] bitwise operators
+    * [ ] variables
+    * [ ] constants
+    * [ ] if-else
+    * [ ] built-in support (run-time)
+    * [ ] arrays
+    * [ ] strings (zero ended array of u8?)
+    * [ ] for-in
+    * [ ] structures
+
diff --git a/micro2.cabal b/micro2.cabal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4c506a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/micro2.cabal
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+cabal-version:      2.4
+name:               micro2
+version:            0.1.0.0
+
+synopsis: Micro2 toy programming language
+homepage: https://git.usebox.net/micro2-lang/about/
+
+license:            GPL-3.0-or-later
+author:             Juan J. Martinez
+maintainer:         jjm@usebox.net
+
+copyright: (c) 2022 Juan J. Martinez
+extra-source-files:
+    CHANGELOG.md
+    , README.md
+    , COPYING
+
+executable micro2
+    main-is:          Main.hs
+    other-modules:
+        Ast
+        Lexer
+        Parser
+        Compiler
+
+    build-depends:    
+        base ^>= 4.16.1.0
+        , parsec ^>= 3.1.15.1
+        , mtl ^>= 2.2.2
+        , containers ^>= 0.6.5.1
+    hs-source-dirs:   src
+    default-language: Haskell2010
diff --git a/src/Ast.hs b/src/Ast.hs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c43eed4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ast.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+module Ast where
+
+import Text.Parsec (SourcePos)
+
+type Ident = String
+
+data Type = Type String | FuncType [Type] (Maybe Type) deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)
+
+type FuncParam = (Ident, Type, SourcePos)
+
+data Expr
+  = Num Integer SourcePos
+  | BinOp Op Expr Expr
+  | Var Ident SourcePos
+  | -- fn [params] return body private pos
+    Func Ident [FuncParam] (Maybe Type) [Expr] Bool SourcePos
+  | Call Expr [Expr] SourcePos
+  | Return (Maybe Expr) SourcePos
+  | Module String SourcePos
+  deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)
+
+data Op
+  = Plus
+  | Minus
+  | Mul
+  | Div
+  deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)
diff --git a/src/Compiler.hs b/src/Compiler.hs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32dd1ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Compiler.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+module Compiler where
+
+import qualified Ast as A
+import Control.Monad.State
+import Data.List (sort)
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import Data.Maybe (isJust)
+import System.Environment (getEnv, getEnvironment)
+import Text.Parsec (ParseError, SourcePos)
+import Text.Read (Lexeme (String))
+
+data Error = Error String SourcePos deriving (Eq)
+
+instance Show Error where
+  show (Error message pos) =
+    "error: " ++ show pos ++ ":\n" ++ message
+
+instance Ord Error where
+  compare (Error _ pos1) (Error _ pos2) = compare pos1 pos2
+
+showErrorList :: [Error] -> String
+showErrorList errs = unlines $ map show (sort errs)
+
+type Sym = (A.Ident, A.Type, SourcePos)
+
+type SymMap = Map.Map A.Ident Sym
+
+data Env = Env SymMap (Maybe Env) deriving (Show)
+
+-- first parameter tells if we look on the local environment
+-- or if we should check also in the parent(s)
+getSymB :: Bool -> Env -> A.Ident -> Maybe Sym
+getSymB local (Env m parent) id =
+  case (local, Map.lookup id m) of
+    (False, Nothing) -> do
+      p <- parent
+      getSym p id
+    (_, s) -> s
+
+-- get symbol
+getSym :: Env -> A.Ident -> Maybe Sym
+getSym = getSymB False
+
+-- get symbol local
+getSyml :: Env -> A.Ident -> Maybe Sym
+getSyml = getSymB True
+
+-- if a symbol exists
+existsSym :: Env -> A.Ident -> Bool
+existsSym env sym = isJust $ getSym env sym
+
+-- if a local symbol exists
+existsSyml :: Env -> A.Ident -> Bool
+existsSyml env sym = isJust $ getSyml env sym
+
+-- add symbol
+addSym :: Env -> Sym -> Env
+addSym (Env m parent) (id, typ, pos) = case getSym env id of
+  Nothing -> Env (Map.insert id sym m) parent
+  Just s -> Env (Map.singleton id sym) $ Just env
+  where
+    env = (Env m parent)
+    sym = (id, typ, pos)
+
+-- adds a new local environment
+addEnv :: Env -> Env
+addEnv env = Env Map.empty $ Just env
+
+-- add a local symbol if it doesn't exist
+addSymUniq :: Env -> Sym -> Either Error Env
+addSymUniq ev (id, typ, pos) = case getSyml ev id of
+  Nothing -> Right $ addSym ev sym
+  Just (_, _, p) -> Left $ Error ("\"" ++ id ++ "\" already defined in " ++ show p) pos
+  where
+    sym = (id, typ, pos)
+
+toFuncType :: [A.FuncParam] -> Maybe A.Type -> A.Type
+toFuncType params rtyp =
+  A.FuncType (map (\(_, t, _) -> t) params) rtyp
+
+type CompState = (Env, [Error])
+
+type CompResult = Either [Error] ()
+
+startState :: CompState
+startState = (Env Map.empty Nothing, [])
+
+compile :: [A.Expr] -> State CompState CompResult
+compile (x : xs) = do
+  case x of
+    (A.Module name pos) -> return $ Right ()
+    (A.BinOp _ a b) -> compile [a, b]
+    (A.Func ident params ret body priv pos) -> do
+      -- current env
+      (ev, errs) <- get
+      -- with function and parameters
+      (nev, nerrs) <-
+        return $ case addSymUniq ev (ident, toFuncType params ret, pos) of
+          Left e -> (ev, e : errs)
+          Right fev ->
+            foldl
+              ( \(ev, errs) (id, typ, pos) -> case addSymUniq ev (id, typ, pos) of
+                  Right ev -> (ev, errs)
+                  Left nerr -> (ev, nerr : errs)
+              )
+              (addEnv fev, errs)
+              params
+      put (nev, nerrs)
+      r <- compile body
+      (_, errs) <- get
+      put (ev, errs)
+      return r
+    (A.Call ident args pos) -> do
+      id <- compile [ident]
+      return $ Right ()
+    (A.Return value pos) -> case value of
+      Nothing -> return $ Right ()
+      Just v -> compile [v]
+    (A.Var ident pos) -> do
+      (ev, errs) <- get
+      if existsSym ev ident
+        then return $ Right ()
+        else do
+          put (ev, Error ("undefined variable \"" ++ ident ++ "\"") pos : errs)
+          return $ Right ()
+    _ -> compile []
+  compile xs
+compile [] = do
+  (_, errs) <- get
+  case errs of
+    [] -> return $ Right ()
+    _ -> return $ Left errs
diff --git a/src/Lexer.hs b/src/Lexer.hs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4938cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Lexer.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+module Lexer where
+
+import Text.Parsec
+import Text.Parsec.Language (emptyDef)
+import Text.Parsec.String (Parser)
+import qualified Text.Parsec.Token as T
+
+scanner :: T.TokenParser ()
+scanner = T.makeTokenParser style
+  where
+    ops = ["+", "*", "-", ";"]
+    names = ["module", "private", "def", "return", "->"]
+    style =
+      emptyDef
+        { T.commentLine = "//",
+          T.reservedOpNames = ops,
+          T.reservedNames = names
+        }
+
+integer :: Parser Integer
+integer = T.integer scanner
+
+parens :: Parser a -> Parser a
+parens = T.parens scanner
+
+braces :: Parser a -> Parser a
+braces = T.braces scanner
+
+commaSep :: Parser a -> Parser [a]
+commaSep = T.commaSep scanner
+
+colonSep :: Parser String
+colonSep = T.colon scanner
+
+identifier :: Parser String
+identifier = T.identifier scanner
+
+reserved :: String -> Parser ()
+reserved = T.reserved scanner
+
+reservedOp :: String -> Parser ()
+reservedOp = T.reservedOp scanner
+
+scan :: Parser a -> Parser a
+scan p = do
+  T.whiteSpace scanner
+  r <- p
+  eof
+  return r
diff --git a/src/Main.hs b/src/Main.hs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e428ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Main.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+module Main where
+
+import Compiler
+import Control.Monad.State (evalState)
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import Lexer (scan)
+import Parser (parse, parseFromFile)
+import System.Exit (exitFailure)
+import System.IO (hPutStrLn, stderr, stdout)
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+  res <- parseFromFile (scan parse) "input"
+  case res of
+    Left err -> hPutStrLn stderr ("error: " ++ show err) >> exitFailure
+    Right ast -> do
+      res <- return $ evalState (compile ast) startState
+      case res of
+        Right _ -> print ast
+        Left errs -> hPutStrLn stderr $ showErrorList errs
diff --git a/src/Parser.hs b/src/Parser.hs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c21700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Parser.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+module Parser where
+
+import Ast
+import Data.Maybe (isJust)
+import Lexer
+import Text.Parsec
+import qualified Text.Parsec.Expr as E
+import Text.Parsec.String (Parser)
+
+binary s f assoc = E.Infix (reservedOp s >> return (BinOp f)) assoc
+
+opTable =
+  [ [ binary "*" Mul E.AssocLeft,
+      binary "/" Div E.AssocLeft
+    ],
+    [ binary "+" Plus E.AssocLeft,
+      binary "-" Minus E.AssocLeft
+    ]
+  ]
+
+expr :: Parser Expr
+expr = E.buildExpressionParser opTable factor
+
+number :: Parser Expr
+number = do
+  pos <- getPosition
+  n <- integer
+  return $ Num n pos
+
+variable :: Parser Expr
+variable = do
+  pos <- getPosition
+  var <- identifier
+  return $ Var var pos
+
+typ :: Parser Type
+typ = do
+  p <- identifier
+  return $ Type p
+
+typFn :: Parser Type
+typFn = do
+  p <- parens $ commaSep typ
+  r <- optionMaybe $ do
+    reserved "->"
+    typ
+  return $ FuncType p r
+
+type' :: Parser Type
+type' = do
+  try typFn
+    <|> typ <?> "type"
+
+arg :: Parser (String, Type, SourcePos)
+arg = do
+  pos <- getPosition
+  i <- identifier
+  _ <- colonSep <?> "\":\" before type"
+  t <- type' <?> "type"
+  return $ (i, t, pos)
+
+fdef :: Ident -> Bool -> SourcePos -> Parser Expr
+fdef ident priv pos = do
+  args <- parens $ commaSep arg
+  rtyp <-
+    optionMaybe
+      ( do
+          _ <- colonSep <?> "\":\" before type"
+          rtyp <- type' <?> "return type"
+          return $ rtyp
+      )
+  body <- braces $ many statement
+  return $ Func ident args rtyp body priv pos
+
+function :: Parser Expr
+function = do
+  pos <- getPosition
+  priv <- optionMaybe $ reserved "private"
+  reserved "def"
+  ident <- identifier
+  fdef ident (isJust priv) pos
+
+lambdaId :: SourcePos -> Ident
+lambdaId s =
+  "lambda" ++ "@" ++ show (sourceLine s) ++ "," ++ show (sourceColumn s)
+
+lambda :: Parser Expr
+lambda = do
+  pos <- getPosition
+  fdef (lambdaId pos) True pos
+
+return' :: Parser Expr
+return' = do
+  pos <- getPosition
+  reserved "return"
+  value <- optionMaybe expr
+  reservedOp ";"
+  return $ Return value pos
+
+call :: Parser Expr
+call = do
+  pos <- getPosition
+  ident <- try lambda <|> variable
+  args <- parens $ commaSep expr
+  return $ Call ident args pos
+
+factor :: Parser Expr
+factor =
+  try number
+    <|> try call
+    <|> try lambda
+    <|> try variable
+    <|> parens expr
+
+exprStmt :: Parser Expr
+exprStmt = do
+  e <- expr <|> factor
+  reservedOp ";"
+  return $ e
+
+statement :: Parser Expr
+statement = do
+  try exprStmt
+    <|> return'
+
+module' :: Parser Expr
+module' = do
+  pos <- getPosition
+  reserved "module"
+  ident <- identifier
+  return $ Module ident pos
+
+program :: Parser [Expr]
+program = do
+  m <- module'
+  n <-
+    many $ do
+      try function
+        -- TODO: variable decl
+        <|> statement <?> "statement"
+  return $ [m] ++ n
+
+parse :: Parser [Expr]
+parse = program
+
+parseFromFile p fname = do
+  input <- readFile fname
+  return (runParser p () fname input)